1. Morikane KA,  Konishi, TA, Harihara, YA, Nishioka  MA, Kobayashi, HA. Implementation and Establishment of a Nationwide Surgical Site Infections Surveillance in Japan. AJIV. Vol 33, No. 5., pgs e-175-e176, June 2005.
2. CDC NHSN. CDC/NHSN Surveillance Definition of Healthcare-Associated Infection and Criteria for Specific Types of Infections in the Acute Care Setting. June 2011. http://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/pscmanual/17pscnosinfdef_current.pdf
3. Ibid.
4. Op. cit.
5. Scott RD. The Direct Medical Costs of Healthcare Infections in US Hospitals and the Benefits of Prevention. CDC, DHQP March 2009.
6. Singhal H. Wound Infection.  Emedicine. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/188988-overview
7. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, Silver C, Jarvis WR. CDC HICPAC. Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999. ICHE. Vol. 20, No.4, pg 247-248.
8. Webster J, Osborne S. Preoperative bathing or showering with antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection. Cochrane Summaries. Epub Oct. 5, 2011 http://summaries.cochrane.org/CD004985/preoperative-bathing-or-showering-with-skin-antiseptics-to-prevent-surgical-site-infection
9. Torres – Berrios  SI. Surgical Site Infection Tool Kit. CDC, DHQP, 2009  http://www.cdc.gov/hai/ppt/ssitoolkit03242010.pptx
10. Op. Cit. Ref 7.
11. Op. Cit Ref 14
12. Op. Cit. Ref 14